Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation.

Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation

Expression of the macrophage mannose receptor is inhibited by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), a T helper type 1 (Th-1)-derived lymphokine. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), a Th-2 lymphocyte product, upregulates major histocompatibility class II antigen expression but inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. We have studied the effect of IL-4 on expression of the macrophage mannose receptor ...

Interleukin-4 Ameliorates the Functional Recovery of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Through the Alternative Activation of Microglia/Macrophage

Neuro-inflammation plays an important role in the recovery of brain injury after stroke. Microglia/macrophage is the major executor in the neuro-inflammation, which can be polarized into two distinct phenotypes: injurious/toxic classical activation (M1 phenotype) and protective alternative activation (M2 phenotype). Here, we investigated whether intracerebral administration of interleukin-4 (IL...

Murine Macrophage Interleukin-1 Release by Capsularlike

Interleukin-4 rapidly down-modulates the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor in murine macrophages.

The activation of macrophages interferes with their response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), the main growth and differentiation factor for mononuclear phagocytes. We tested the rapid effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4), the alternative macrophage activator produced by Th2 helper lymphocytes, on the receptor for M-CSF (M-CSFR) expressed on the cell surface of murine macrophages. IL...

The Many Alternative Faces of Macrophage Activation

Monocytes and macrophages provide the first line of defense against pathogens. They also initiate acquired immunity by processing and presenting antigens and provide the downstream effector functions. Analysis of large gene expression datasets from multiple cells and tissues reveals sets of genes that are co-regulated with the transcription factors that regulate them. In macrophages, the gene c...